Chrome Yellow Bookcloth - Revision history

Mtedonwm: Replaced content with "The Poison Book Project has moved to a new site! Please visit us at https://sites.udel.edu/poisonbookproject/."

2024-02-12T19:32:41Z

Replaced content with "The Poison Book Project has moved to a new site! Please visit us at https://sites.udel.edu/poisonbookproject/."

Mtedonwm: /* Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths */

2021-08-09T20:40:35Z

‎Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths

Mtedonwm: /* Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths */

2021-08-09T20:39:45Z

‎Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths

Mtedonwm: /* Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths */

2021-08-09T18:31:31Z

‎Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths

Mtedonwm at 21:15, 6 August 2021

2021-08-06T21:15:41Z

Mtedonwm at 21:11, 6 August 2021

2021-08-06T21:11:23Z

Mtedonwm: /* Chrome Yellow Bookcloths */

2021-08-06T21:10:30Z

‎Chrome Yellow Bookcloths

Mtedonwm at 21:09, 6 August 2021

2021-08-06T21:09:57Z

Mtedonwm at 21:05, 6 August 2021

2021-08-06T21:05:56Z

Mtedonwm at 20:59, 6 August 2021

2021-08-06T20:59:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:32, 12 February 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~As part of the [[~~Poison Book Project]] at Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library, the toxic pigment chrome yellow was detected in 19th-century cloth-case bookbindings using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy.	+	The Poison Book Project has moved to a new site! Please visit us at https://sites.udel.edu/poisonbookproject/.
−
−	~~==Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths==~~
−	~~Victorian-era bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue)~~ to yellows, oranges, and browns. Smaller percentages of chrome yellow mixed with Prussian blue were used to color chromium green bookcloth throughout the 19th century. Chrome yellow was used in larger quantities to color yellow and orange bookcloths predominantly in the 1880s-1890s, a ~~time period that correlates with more affordable pricing for the pigment than earlier in the century.~~
−
−	~~[[File:ChromeYellow_Multi-Color.jpg\|center\|frame\|Chrome yellow bookcloths in a range of hues. Courtesy, Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection]]~~
−
−	~~[[File:ChromeYellow_Orange-Yellow-Groups.jpg\|center\|frame\|Orange and yellow hues of chrome yellow bookcloth. Courtesy, Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection]]~~
−
−	~~[[File:ChromeYellow_Green-Brown-Groups.jpg\|center\|frame\|Brownish hues of chrome yellow bookcloth. Courtesy, Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection]]~~
−
−	~~==General Handling Tips for 19th-Century Cloth-Case Bindings==~~
−	~~Nearly 50% of the 19th-century, cloth-case bindings analyzed for this project to date contain lead in the bookcloth. Lead levels have been shown to be particularly high in chrome yellow bindings.~~
−
−	No matter which pigments or dyes may be present, it is best practice to avoid ingesting anything or touching the face while handling 19th-century, cloth-bound books. It is also best practice to wash hands after handling books, especially before eating, drinking, or smoking.
−
−	~~==Further Reading==~~
−
−	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2008. [https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/chromium/cover-page.html “Chromium Toxicity.”] U.S. Department of Health Human Services. Accessed July 20, 2021.
−
−	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2012. [https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxProfiles/ToxProfiles.aspx?id=62&tid=17 “Toxicological profile for Chromium.”] Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
−
−	~~Glenn, W.M. 1889. “Chrome Yellow Considered as a Poison.” Science 13 (326): 347-349.~~
−
−	Khühn, Hermann, and Mary Curran. 1986. [“Chrome Yellow and Other Chromate Pigments.” In [https://www.nga.gov/research/publications/pdf-library/artists-pigments-vol-1.html Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, vol. 1], Edited by Robert L. Feller, 187-200. Washington: National Gallery of Art.
−
−	~~Otero, Vanessa, Leslie Carlyle, Márcia Vilarigues, and Maria J. Melo. 2011. [~~https:/~~/pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2012/ra/c1ra00614b “Chrome yellow in nineteenth century art: historic reconstruction of an artists’ pigment.”] RSC Advances 2: 1798-1805.~~
−
−	~~US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2000. [https://www.epa.gov~~/sites~~/production/files/2016-09/documents/chromium-compounds.pdf “Chromium Compounds: Hazard Summary.”] Accessed July 14, 2021.~~
−
−	~~==Project Researchers==~~
−	~~Lead Conservator: [https://www.artcons.udel.edu/faculty/winterthur-faculty/tedone Dr. Melissa Tedone]~~
−
−	~~Lead Scientist: [https://www.artcons~~.udel.edu/~~faculty/winterthur-faculty~~/~~RGrayburn Dr~~. ~~Rosie Grayburn]~~
−
−	~~Winterthur Team:~~
−	~~: Emily Guthrie, (former) Winterthur Library Director, and Winterthur Library staff~~
−	~~: Mina Porell, Winterthur Postgraduate Fellow in Paintings Conservation~~
−	~~: Meghan Abercrombie, Winterthur Intern~~
−	~~: Philip DePaola, Winterthur Intern~~
−	~~: Layla Huff, Winterthur Intern~~
−	~~: Sara Leonowitz, Winterthur Intern~~
−	~~: Jess Ortegon, WUDPAC Fellow~~
−	~~: Esther Weyer, Winterthur Intern~~
−
−
−	~~==Disclaimer==~~
−	~~<div style="background-color: #CCCCB2; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1ex; margin: 1ex">~~
−	~~<span style="color:black;">~~
−	Copyright {{CURRENTYEAR}}. This article describes conservation procedures and is meant to be used as exchange of technical information among trained cultural heritage conservators, and the procedures described herein should not be performed by anyone who is not a trained professional. Further, any advice, graphics, images, and information contained in this page is presented for general educational and information purposes, and to increase safety awareness in connection with the storage and handling of aged books that may contain toxic chemicals, such as arsenic. The storage, handling, and other safety tips included in this page are suggestions only and have been collected by the Poison Book Project of The Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, Inc. after consultation with scientists and other experts in the conservation field. None of the content in this page has been subjected to a formal peer review and is not intended to be medical or other expert advice or services, and should not be used in place of consultation with appropriate professionals. The information contained in this page should not be considered exhaustive, and the user should seek the advice of appropriate professionals.
−
−	In no event shall The Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, Inc. or its trustees, officers, affiliates, and employees, be liable for any liability, loss, injury, or risk (including, without limitation, incidental and consequential damages, personal injury/wrongful death, lost profits, or damages) which is incurred or suffered as a direct or indirect result of the use of any of the material, advice, guidance, or services on this site, whether based on warranty, contract, tort, or any other legal theory and whether or not The Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, Inc. or any of its trustees, officers, or employees is advised of the possibility of such damages. THE HENRY FRANCIS DU PONT WINTERTHUR MUSEUM, INC., TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTIES’ RIGHTS, AND FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
−	~~</span>~~
−	~~</div>~~

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ==Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths==
-Victorian-era bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (chromium green, achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue) to yellows, oranges, and browns. Smaller percentages of chrome yellow mixed with Prussian blue were used to color green bookcloth throughout the 19th century. Chrome yellow was used in larger quantities to color yellow and orange bookcloths predominantly in the 1880s-1890s, a time period that correlates with more affordable pricing for the pigment than earlier in the century.
+Victorian-era bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue) to yellows, oranges, and browns. Smaller percentages of chrome yellow mixed with Prussian blue were used to color chromium green bookcloth throughout the 19th century. Chrome yellow was used in larger quantities to color yellow and orange bookcloths predominantly in the 1880s-1890s, a time period that correlates with more affordable pricing for the pigment than earlier in the century.
 [[File:ChromeYellow_Multi-Color.jpg|center|frame|Chrome yellow bookcloths in a range of hues. Courtesy, Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ==Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths==
-Victorian-era bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue) to yellows, oranges, and browns. Smaller percentages of chrome yellow mixed with Prussian blue were used to color green bookcloth throughout the 19th century. Chrome yellow was used in larger quantities to color yellow and orange bookcloths predominantly in the 1880s-1890s, a time period that correlates with more affordable pricing for the pigment than earlier in the century.
+Victorian-era bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (chromium green, achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue) to yellows, oranges, and browns. Smaller percentages of chrome yellow mixed with Prussian blue were used to color green bookcloth throughout the 19th century. Chrome yellow was used in larger quantities to color yellow and orange bookcloths predominantly in the 1880s-1890s, a time period that correlates with more affordable pricing for the pigment than earlier in the century.
 [[File:ChromeYellow_Multi-Color.jpg|center|frame|Chrome yellow bookcloths in a range of hues. Courtesy, Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ==Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths==
-Victorian-era bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue) to yellows, oranges, and browns.
+Victorian-era bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue) to yellows, oranges, and browns. Smaller percentages of chrome yellow mixed with Prussian blue were used to color green bookcloth throughout the 19th century. Chrome yellow was used in larger quantities to color yellow and orange bookcloths predominantly in the 1880s-1890s, a time period that correlates with more affordable pricing for the pigment than earlier in the century.
 [[File:ChromeYellow_Multi-Color.jpg|center|frame|Chrome yellow bookcloths in a range of hues. Courtesy, Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:15, 6 August 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	As part of the [~~http://wiki.winterthur.org/wiki/Poison_Book_Project~~ Poison Book Project] at Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library, the toxic pigment chrome yellow was detected in 19th-century cloth-case bookbindings using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy.	+	As part of the [[Poison Book Project]] at Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library, the toxic pigment chrome yellow was detected in 19th-century cloth-case bookbindings using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy.

	==Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths==		==Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths==

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:11, 6 August 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	As part of the [http://wiki.winterthur.org/wiki/Poison_Book_Project Poison Book Project] at Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library, the toxic pigment chrome yellow was detected in 19th-century cloth ~~bindings~~ using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy.	+	As part of the [http://wiki.winterthur.org/wiki/Poison_Book_Project Poison Book Project] at Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library, the toxic pigment chrome yellow was detected in 19th-century cloth-case bookbindings using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy.

	==Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths==		==Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 As part of the [http://wiki.winterthur.org/wiki/Poison_Book_Project Poison Book Project] at Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library, the toxic pigment chrome yellow was detected in 19th-century cloth bindings using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy.
-==Chrome Yellow Bookcloths==
+==Color Range of Chrome Yellow Bookcloths==
 Victorian-era bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue) to yellows, oranges, and browns.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Victorian-era bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue) to yellows, oranges, and browns. As part of the [http://wiki.winterthur.org/wiki/Poison_Book_Project Poison Book Project] at Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library, chrome yellow and, when present, Prussian blue were detected in 19th-century cloth bindings using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy.
+As part of the [http://wiki.winterthur.org/wiki/Poison_Book_Project Poison Book Project] at Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library, the toxic pigment chrome yellow was detected in 19th-century cloth bindings using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy.
 [[File:ChromeYellow_Multi-Color.jpg|center|frame|Chrome yellow bookcloths in a range of hues. Courtesy, Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection]]
@@ Line 8: / Line 11: @@
 ==General Handling Tips for 19th-Century Cloth-Case Bindings==
-Nearly 50% of the 19th-century, cloth-case bindings analyzed for this project to date contain lead in the bookcloth. Lead levels have been shown to be particularly high in chrome yellow bindings. Chrome yellow itself is also toxic.
+Nearly 50% of the 19th-century, cloth-case bindings analyzed for this project to date contain lead in the bookcloth. Lead levels have been shown to be particularly high in chrome yellow bindings.
 No matter which pigments or dyes may be present, it is best practice to avoid ingesting anything or touching the face while handling 19th-century, cloth-bound books. It is also best practice to wash hands after handling books, especially before eating, drinking, or smoking.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-th-century bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue) to yellows, oranges, and browns. Chrome yellow and, when present, Prussian blue were detected using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy.
+Victorian-era bookcloth colored with chrome yellow pigment may range from deep, bright, or olive greens (achieved by mixing chrome yellow with various percentages of Prussian blue) to yellows, oranges, and browns. As part of the [http://wiki.winterthur.org/wiki/Poison_Book_Project Poison Book Project] at Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library, chrome yellow and, when present, Prussian blue were detected in 19th-century cloth bindings using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy.
 [[File:ChromeYellow_Multi-Color.jpg|center|frame|Chrome yellow bookcloths in a range of hues. Courtesy, Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection]]
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 [[File:ChromeYellow_Green-Brown-Groups.jpg|center|frame|Brownish hues of chrome yellow bookcloth. Courtesy, Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection]]
 ==Further Reading==